Media an Answer to Terrorists needs Free Essays

In our age today each and every contraption is a result of science and innovation, through this we had the option to effectively adjust to changes that are happening in our reality. Simple access is just a tick of a hand away, may it be email, financial balances and even data as a result of this fear monger have exploited the beneficial things the innovation brings to the table. At the point when this innovation ought to be use as a methods for correspondence for family, companions and family members, it is being abused to impart dread and fear to the brains and hearts of the individuals. We will compose a custom article test on Media an Answer to Terrorists needs or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now With this innovation procured by a large portion of the individuals like TV and PC which are continually being use, it is simpler to gain and disperse data to individuals and it would likewise be simpler for the individuals to be terrified from the fear based oppressor. In the previous years it has been a riddle how these fear based oppressor enroll there individuals and how they had the option to speak with them, presently it has been discovered that psychological oppressor utilizes destinations, for example, Paypal, Orkut and My Space to have the option to associate and scatter data from those intrigued to be a part. Utilizing this site additionally they had the option to discover subsidize raiser and organize their exercises, and in light of the fact that they utilize electronic dead drop they had the option to abstain from being recognized by government organizations. Utilizing this sort of innovation is adequate to impart to others without utilizing a lot of time and exertion, it is less expense for a large portion of this site offer free enrollment just as access and it is additionally alright for it is difficult to be identified such that they could hack to different servers or satellites to keep away from location, for the psychological oppressor it is the least demanding approach to convey, for everybody presently has PCs, TVs and even workstations which is a simple access to data. These days that individuals have simple access to everything, psychological militant know who their crowd is and on account of this they had the option to send the message straight that they mean business, generally we could see fear based oppressor stealing honest individuals in TV with this sort of act they had the option to infiltrate the brain of the individuals that they have no leniency to anyone, our courageâ is being shaken and our trust to the legislature is dicey for they can't ready to stop assaults and kidnapping of this psychological militant. Fear based oppressors had the option to remove data from Government insightful and organizations for they had the option to hack the framework, with this they use it as there own method of security and furthermore an approach to annihilate there foe. The broad communications and web innovation fills in as a gateway or a methods for overcoming any issues of this psychological militant and there crowd to satisfy there task, and on the grounds that sending email message could be altered concealed implications from the genuine message being sent it is more bit of leeway for the fear monger to have the high ground from the individuals who are in the Government. In the event that this innovation is being entered by psychological oppressor, there is likewise an approach to stop it since now it isn't difficult to allow things to occur. To prevent psychological warfare from sending messages or procuring one, web should manufacture a program that would encourage the website, a program that could recognize concealed message from this fear based oppressor, a program that would ensure the enthusiasm of the individuals just as the country. Additionally it is our obligation as far as possible to our selves for we have been include and found all the new innovation being found and utilized by the individuals, we are for the most part mindful that it is being use for other reason structure which it is initially ought to be utilized, we are all upset and terrify for our wellbeing is in question however having this innovation isn't awful either for it guarantees a decent and thriving future. All ought to be well in the event that we realize how to put restrictions to the utilization of innovation safeguard ought to consistently be there before usingâ Â any innovation. Each new revelation is to support human goodness however for some they could generally observe the dull things it could transform into, presently it ought not prevent us from finding new thoughts, innovation and arrangement as long as you find it for the better great and that's it. References: Hasan, K. How Al Qaeda utilizes Internet.â Daily occasions December 8, 2005Â (March 10, 2006) The most effective method to refer to Media an Answer to Terrorists needs, Essay models

6. “It Is More Important to Discover New Ways of Thinking Essay

Growing better approaches for pondering what we definitely know is significant as it encourages us to build up a superior comprehension of that which we definitely know so somewhat the above articulation is valid. Anyway it is as noteworthy to find new information or realities. Actually these two ideas go connected at the hip; it is a direct result of certain revelations that we knew when they previously became visible that we have something we call existing information to consider and here and there it is through attempting to grow better approaches for pondering a specific issue without an answer that we at long last conclude it is ideal to locate another clarification or idea of taking a gander at it. An understudy who goes from lower to higher school both learns new and propelled perspectives about the data they have assembled in past grades just as some new information they have never run over which further anxieties that the two ideas are significant. We can't get the hang of everything simultaneously nor would we be able to know all sbout those things we know, which is the reason both creating what we definitely know and leaarning some new things are similarly significant. At times one may find that examining and pondering what we definitely know however in another more clear manner can assist us with arriving at a resolution while on the off chance that we had decided to find new realities about it rather, our mindset of disarray would have been widened and we wind up with one more secret to explain. A genuine case of a case like this is passing. Except if somebody passes on and returns and lets us know precisely what occurs after death, nobody can ever truly comprehend what occurs. Any data we as a whole have of post-existence depends on suspicions that is if there is even eternal life. Finding new realities about the supposed post-existence isn’t however going to create much more turmoil, so truly in my view I would state it is fairly best that one adheres to the information and accept they have over this issue, and on the off chance that anything, find better approaches for contemplating as opposed to making one more confounding marvels dependent on presumptions. Be that as it may, such fields as Science propel consistent disclosure of new information since this is one subject matter where distortion is the main technique used to demonstrate the speculations since we can't check, as it were demonstrate a Scientific hypothesis to be valid in any capacity yet we can pfove it fo not be right. For this situation it is clear then that in Science it is increasingly essential to find new realities or information than to consider what we as of now have as we need new disclosures to adulterate old hypotheses. Anyway now and then it might be considering every option and profound into a logical hypothesis that makes one consider issue to be it thus make new revelations in which case both considering something in another way and making new disclosures would have been similarly significant. We can for example investigate the well known case of the adulteration of Newton’s hypothesis of attraction by Einstein’s hypothesis of relativity. Einstein like every single other Scientist of that time saw nothing amiss with Newton’s model until an emergency came when Newton’s hypothesis of gravity neglected to represent the conduct of light. Clearly this must be a consequence of researchers considering better approaches for applying Newton’s model. Nobody expected the negative result they came out with yet it was negative and the Scientists were confronted with a situation they needed to fathom. That it is when Einstein developed his hypothesis of relativity, a totally different hypothesis, which could work in any event, for those revelations that Newton’s model neglected to. Regardless, the fact of the matter is to show that finding better approaches to consider something can really prompt the disclosure of new data which thus gives us something new to consider and in new manners on the off chance that we please. Living just by creating things we definitely know would deny ourselves off so much information. Had the individuals who lived before our age chose they needed to live just on what they knew, there would be so much we don't have a clue. Ages like that of Newton or Einstein, ages like that of Priestley or Lavoisier who made revelations about oxygen and those of individuals who took in the expression of God and passed it on from age to age till the good book was composed we would not have the information we have today. Also, the information doesn't end there and like the changes in perspective propose, there will consistently be new data, new speculations and better approaches for intuition as the world rotates that will supersede the present hypotheses yet should we choose to live just by the information that as of now exists, we may find that we are making explores different avenues regarding 90% mistakes constantly.

A Book from Ursula Le Guin for Every Age

A Book from Ursula Le Guin for Every Age A recent  New York Times  profile of Ursula Le Guin suggests that  nearly as good as getting the October phone call from Sweden is enshrinement in the Library of America, the closest thing to immortality between hardcovers. While the October call is still a ways off, the Library of America  distinction  is  being conferred on Le Guin, who will sit alongside writers like Melville, Twain, Hawthorne, and Welty. The library intended to begin publishing some of Le Guins  classic speculative work, according to the NYT, but whats coming out next month is the 700-page tome The Complete Orsinia, which includes Le Guins lesser-known  1979 novel Malafrena. Le Guins ouevre is sprawling and it can be difficult to know where to step in. Although not if youre six months old: In that case, you really should begin with  Cat Dreams. Womb to age 3 Cat Dreams  illustrated by S. D. Schindler No one is too young for Le Guin, and every  budding reader  deserves richly solid, well-crafted sentences  like the  ones Le Guin offers. Its fun to run / I love to leap / But now I think / Ill go to sleep. // Oh, how nice! Its raining mice! For babies and toddlers:  Cat Dreams Ages 4 to 8 There are many contemporary books for brand-new readers that are fast, flashy, and extremely loud. There are characters are mean to one another for laughs. These books are not those: Le Guins four Catwings books make  a gentle, warm space to stretch ones literary wings, with an eye to injustice, written in her sonorous  sentences. The four books focus on  four cats who are born with wings. It opens: Mrs. Jane Tabby could not explain why all four of her children had wings. The books are a charm  to read aloud, and  you can listen to an excerpt  read by the author. Five-year-old reviewer Rafael, who devoured the series, says: I love the books. I dont really like how they get lost from home. But then they find each other again. For the  newly literate: Catwings Catwings Return Wonderful Alexander and the Catwings Jane on Her Own 9-14 A pre-teen  is at a fantastic  age for the Wizard of Earthsea books. I recently re-read the  lot of them, aloud, trading chapters, with my eldest son. To be honest, I wanted to read most of it, as they are great  sentences to hold in your mouth. Some of it is a bit grim for young readers, but we took great joy in spending the time with each of Le Guins scenes, and in submerging ourselves for weeks on end in the universe of Ged, Ogion, Vetch, Tenar, Lebannen, and Kalessin. Every page offers a solid new reality, gut-dropping and exciting twists, and new ways of seeing human behavior. Always, Le Guins eye on how humans can be better. Why age 9-14? Read them young and you can re-read them often. For  pre- or young teens: A Wizard of Earthsea The Tombs of Atuan The Farthest Shore Tehanu: The Last Book of Earthsea The Other Wind 15-18 For this age, the Annals of the Western Shore trilogy. It takes a moment to sink yourself into the world of Orrec and Gry, a blind boy and a grim girl, sixteen years old, stuck in the superstition and squalor of the desolate hill farms and that we so grandly called our domain, but one is quickly absorbed. There is a good deal of magic, but there is also  how to think about ones parents, and cruelty, and lineage. To see that your life is a story while youre in the middle of living it may be a help to living it well. For  teens: Gifts Voices Powers 19-24 Selected Poems of Gabriela Mistral  translated by Ursula K. Le Guin   There is nothing like poetry for getting through the occasionally dark nights of young adulthood. Le Guin wrote and still writes some of her own poetry, but she also translates, including  work by  the first (and only) Latin American woman to win the aforementioned Nobel Prize for literature. These translations are among Le Guins many gifts. Life of my life, what you loved I sing. If youre near, if youre listening, think of me now in the evening: shadow in shadows, hear me sing. Life of my life, I cant be still. What is a story we never tell? How can you find me unless I call? For  the thick of your early twenties:  Selected Poems of Gabriela Mistral   25-39: If a writer, a writologist, or a writophile Le Guin has wonderful observations about the nature of fiction, particularly fantasy and science fiction, but all of storycraft. These have been compiled into a number of collections, some more directed at helping an author, such as Steering the Craft, and others as observations on the nature of the story and its reception. For the emerging writer or writologist: The Language of the Night: Essays on Fantasy and Science Fiction Dancing at the Edge of the World Cheek by Jowl Steering the Craft: Exercises and Discussions on Story Writing for the Lone Mariner and the Mutinous Crew 25-39: If not a writer, writologist, or writophile A finalist for the 1997 Pulitzer Prize for fiction,  Unlocking the Air and Other Stories is  collection of beautifully spun short stories from the fabulist to the firmly realist, with a particular focus on disability and difference. As Le Guin herself has noted, its a hard collection to describe, as Buz [Wyeth] remarked that he was having some problem describing the book because there was such a variety of stories in it. I said yes, indeed, there were stories of eighteen different genres, and I wrote him this TOC to prove it. He thought it was funny, but he wouldnt let me put it in the book. For the  emerging non-writer: Unlocking the Air and Other Stories 40-59 The Lathe of Heaven Novelist Michael Chabon has written about reading  The Lathe of Heaven  at different ages: When I read The Lathe of Heaven as a young man, my mind was boggled. When I read it, more than 25 years later, it breaks my heart. Only a great work of literature can bridge â€" so thrillingly â€" that impossible span. You can read an excerpt at Le Guins website. For the emerged:  The Lathe of Heaven. 60-79 In  Lavinia, a  time-traveling Virgil meets the young wife hed given just a few lines in The Aeneid. From an interview with  Kirkus: The first time I really read the Aeneid was in my seventies, when I got enough Latin into my head at last to read it in Latin. Vergil is truly untranslatable; his poetry is the music of his language, and it gets lost in any other. Reading it at last, hearing that incredible voice, was a tremendous joy. And Lavinia’s voice and her story came to me out of that joy. A gift from a great giver. Particularly for readers in their seventies: Lavinia 80+ Readers in their eighties have made it to LeGuins decade; this is what shes chosen for her first Library of America publication: The Complete Orsinia. Malafrena (written in the 1950s, published in  1979) is set in the 1820s Habsburg Empire, riven by  revolution and nationalism. The bulk of the stories were originally published  in Orsinian Tales (1976), but additional work  brings the history of Orsinia up to 1989. According to the Library, included is  Folksong from  the Montayna Province, Le Guin’s first published work,  and two never before published songs in the Orisinian language. For the discerning octogenarian:  The Complete Orsinia. Sign up to The Kids Are All Right to receive news and recommendations from the world of kid lit and middle grade books. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Ebola Epidemic A Deadly Disease Caused By Five Different...

History The Ebola Haemorrhagic Fever is a deadly disease caused by five different strains of the Ebola viruses. Whilst the Reston virus only causes illness in animals, the rest cause severe illness in humans and animals (Stanford Edu, 2014). The Ebola virus was discovered in 1976 in the Congolese rainforest in central Africa, by a young Belgian scientist named Peter Piot (BBC News, 2014). Piot discovered the first known strain of Ebola, known as Ebola – Sudan (SUDV). Ebola-Sudan was discovered in the regions of Sudan and Zaire in Africa, with a mortality rate of 53%. A few months late the second strain of Ebola emerged, known as Ebola – Zaire (EBOZ), and had a high mortality rate of 88% (CNN, 2014). Throughout the years up until 2014 there have been over 10 Ebola epidemics that have killed more than 3,600 people, mainly in African countries (REF). However, the 2014 Ebola epidemic is the largest in history, affecting multiple countries. As of September, around 2,000 people had died from the disease, and as of early November there had been nearly 5000 deaths (CDC, 2014). The Ebola Virus needs to be addressed as it is beginning to spread to other countries, and with no cure this will result in alarming death rates (Prevention, 2014). The Centre of Disease Control and Prevention is predicting up to 21,000 cases by early next year (Stanford edu, 2014). Figure 1: Timeline of Deaths due to the Ebola Virus Structure The structure and pathogenesis of the Ebola virus isShow MoreRelatedEbola Epidemic : Interactions Throughout Culture, Biology And Ecology1593 Words   |  7 PagesThe 2014 Ebola Epidemic: Interactions in Culture, Biology and Ecology Introduction The geography of the 2014 Ebola epidemic The first cases of the 2014 epidemic were reported in Gueckedou Province, Guinea in March of 2014. This epidemic was the most geographically extensive outbreak within a single country. The first recorded outbreak occurred in simultaneous outbreaks in Democratic Republic of Congo (then Zaire) and Sudan in 1976, killing 280 out of 318 cases. (MSF UK, 2016) Fruit bats are consideredRead MoreThe Outbreak Of The Ebola Virus3905 Words   |  16 Pagesthe Ebola virus that has ever happened is occurring in West Africa. This disease is so frightening because it can quickly result in a terrible, agonizing death of any unfortunate soul that has become infected. This specific virus can quite literally cause the liquefaction of the organs within the human body. As Ebola takes hold of many villages and towns in West Africa, surrounding countries are scrambling to send supplies and aid workers in an attempt to stop the spread of such a lethal virus. TheRead MoreA Brief Note On The Outbreak Of Ebo la2197 Words   |  9 Pages Rise Above Ebola Vanessa Aroonprapun Eric Cabus Darnell Ferrer Kristina Santos Somatey Tan American University of Health Sciences Rise Above Ebola The latest outbreak of Ebola is one of the largest epidemics in history. Starting in West Africa, it has spread to neighboring countries such as Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone, causing numerous fatalities (Darrel, 2014). The Center for Disease Control (CDC) has identified five different strains of the Ebola virus—Zaire, Sudan, RestonRead MoreEbola And The Human Body1865 Words   |  8 PagesEbola vs. the Human Body Wilson, Carolyn. Induction of Ebolavirus Cross-species Immunity Using Retrovirus-like Particles Bearing the Ebola Virus Glycoprotein Lacking the Mucin-like Domain. Virology Journal Volume 9.32 (2012). Induction of Ebolavirus Cross-species Immunity Using Retrovirus-like Particles Bearing the Ebola Virus Glycoprotein Lacking the Mucin-like Domain. BioMed Central. Web. 7 Sept. 2014. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3284443. Micro-Babes There are numerous virusesRead MoreA History of the Ebola Virus Essay example2243 Words   |  9 PagesZone, speaking about Ebola Ebola is the deadliest viral disease by bleeding. It is known to attack everything in the human body, but the skeletal muscle and bone. The name Ebola comes for the Ebola River in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. (Dudley 22) The Ebola Virus is one of the two members of the filovirus family. (Ryan 244) The other member of the family is hemorrhagic fever which Ebola cause you to get the fever. There are four different strains of Ebola each similar to one anotherRead MoreThe Hot Zone9599 Words   |  39 Pageswith black specks. The author explains that this is vomito negro and that it is saturated with whatever virus is making Monet sick. His blood has been clotting in his blood vessels and internal organs, and by now his body has depleted the clotting agent. He is bleeding from his nose, as well as internally. By the time he reaches the hospital, Monet crashes and falls to the floor in a river of virus-infected blood. The Hot Zone Summary | Part 1, Chapter 1 Something in the Forest Analysis The authorRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 Pagesmass collaboration bring new power and influence to individuals across borders and transform the nature of their relationships with global organizations. As in the past, these developments underscore and reinforce the importance of understanding different cultures, national systems, and corporate management practices around the world. Students and managers now recognize that all business is global and that the world is now interconnected not only geographically but also electronically and psychologically;

Analysis of Main Character in Animal Farm - 1018 Words

Analysis of Major Characters Napoleon From the very beginning of the novella, Napoleon emerges as an utterly corrupt opportunist. Though always present at the early meetings of the new state, Napoleon never makes a single contribution to the revolution—not to the formulation of its ideology, not to the bloody struggle that it necessitates, not to the new society’s initial attempts to establish itself. He never shows interest in the strength of Animal Farm itself, only in the strength of his power over it. Thus, the only project he undertakes with enthusiasm is the training of a litter of puppies. He doesn’t educate them for their own good or for the good of all, however, but rather for his own good: they become his own private army or†¦show more content†¦His critique of Animal Farm has little to do with the Marxist ideology underlying the Rebellion but rather with the perversion of that ideology by later leaders. Major, who represents both Marx and Lenin, serves as the source of the ideals that the animals continue to uphold even after their pig leaders have betrayed them. Though his portrayal of Old Major is largely positive, Orwell does include a few small ironies that allow the reader to question the venerable pig’s motives. For instance, in the midst of his long litany of complaints about how the animals have been treated by human beings, Old Major is forced to concede that his own life has been long, full, and free from the terrors he has vividly sketched for his rapt audience. He seems to have claimed a false brotherhood with the other animals in order to garner their support for hisShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Main Character in Animal Farm1025 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of Major Characters Napoleon From the very beginning of the novella, Napoleon emerges as an utterly corrupt opportunist. Though always present at the early meetings of the new state, Napoleon never makes a single contribution to the revolution—not to the formulation of its ideology, not to the bloody struggle that it necessitates, not to the new society’s initial attempts to establish itself. He never shows interest in the strength of Animal Farm itself, only in the strength of hisRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of George Orwells Animal Farm923 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal Farm Character Analysis Essay â€Å"Old major†¦ was so highly regarded on the farm that everyone was quite ready to lose an hour’s sleep in order to hear what he had to say† (Orwell 1). The author, George Orwell, portrayed Old Major as the wisest of all the animals on the farm, and without being said, Major was a big part of Animal Farm. In fact, he influenced the lives of all the animals with just one speech. On the day of this speech, Major taught all the animals his wise ideas in a kind supportingRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Animal Farm By George Orwell1310 Words   |  6 PagesLiterary Analysis of Animal Farm Although they claimed the farm to be a utopia, the pigs secretly were deceiving their fellow animals and turning the farm into a dystopia. In George Orwell s Animal Farm all of the animals are mistreated by Farmer Jones, but they wish to be treated as equals and live in a utopia so they rebel and take over the farm. The animals first write commandments to avoid chaos, but the leader pigs selfishly modify the commandments in their favor. In the end, the farm is worseRead MoreHow Is Marxism Portrayed in Animal Farm by George Orwell? Essay1369 Words   |  6 PagesHow is Marxism portrayed throughout ‘Animal Farm’ by George Orwell? The main aim of Marxism is to bring about a classless society, and ‘Animal Farm’ is generally considered to be a Marxist novel, as all its characters share a similar ambition at the beginning. ‘Animal Farm’ represents an example of the oppressed masses rising up to form their own classless society, whilst offering a subtle critique on Stalin’s Soviet Russia, and communism in general. Orwell is, ironically, revolutionary in hisRead MoreAnimals Take Over in Animal Farm by George Orwell1370 Words   |  6 PagesIn the novel â€Å"Animal Farm† by George Orwell, the animals take over the farm and develop their own independent society. Just as it happened during the Russian Revolution of 1917. George Orwell underlies the tension between the oppressed and the exploiting classes between the condescending ideals and harsh realities of socialism. During the course of the literary piece by George Orwell makes it clear how the animals are mistreated by â€Å"Mr. Jones â€Å", because of this treatment they are receiving; OldRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Animal Farm By George Orwell1460 Words   |  6 PagesLiterary Analysis of Animal Farm A quote from Wayne Dyer, a late American author and motivational speaker, says that â€Å"[f]reedom means you are unobstructed in living your life as you choose. Anything less is a form of slavery.† This promotes the idea that ultimate freedom to control one’s life is the only way to live. One way to achieve this freedom, if not given, is to stage a revolution against authority. In Animal Farm, a novel by George Orwell, parallels are drawn between his characters and theRead More Analysis of Mrs. Grimes in Sherwood Anderson’s Death in the Woods831 Words   |  3 Pages Analysis of Mrs. Grimes in Sherwood Anderson’s â€Å"Death in the Woods† The self-worth that a person feels that he or she has is mainly determined by how others view that individual. Many people that are blessed with a loving family learn to feel cherished and important. They believe that they have some sort of value to their lives. These people tend to find a reason to be happy and positive regardless of any negative situation they are involved in. However, those who have never been shown love or affectionRead MoreThe Nuns Priests Tale in the Canterbury Tales Essay1339 Words   |  6 Pagestale begins and ends with a poor widwe somdeel stape in age (line 1), but the majority of the content involves not the widow but the animals on her farm, in particular an arrogant rooster name Chauntecleer. The first mention of the main character does not come until the twenty-ninth line, after twenty-eight lines of minute description of the widow and the farm. The donation of large amounts of time to detail slows down the plot of the story; this plot is even furth er drawn out by the Nuns PriestsRead MoreChildren s Literature : Research Paper1570 Words   |  7 Pagesbooks that he has written. Mr. White lived on a farm in Maine and he took care of many of these animals. This is how a lot of his books were written. Some books to mention that his animals made it into his books are Stuart in Stuart Little, Charlotte in Charlotte’s Web. His three books for children—Stuart Little (1945, film 1999), Charlotte’s Web (1952, film 1973 and 2006), and The Trumpet of the Swan (1970)—are considered classics, featuring lively animal protagonists who seamlessly interact with theRead MoreDreams in Of Mice and Men1258 Words   |  6 PagesCalifornia in the 1930s Great Depression. Life was hard and men could be cruel. Hope might be the only escape from hard reality. This links to the American Dream – represented in George and Lennie’s dream of working hard and getting their own land and farm, and control over their o wn lives. But it was harder than ever to achieve due to the tough economic conditions of the Depression. After Lennie’s death, it might be possible for George to realise his dream, but the emptiness at the end of the novel

Analysis of Main Character in Animal Farm - 1018 Words

Analysis of Major Characters Napoleon From the very beginning of the novella, Napoleon emerges as an utterly corrupt opportunist. Though always present at the early meetings of the new state, Napoleon never makes a single contribution to the revolution—not to the formulation of its ideology, not to the bloody struggle that it necessitates, not to the new society’s initial attempts to establish itself. He never shows interest in the strength of Animal Farm itself, only in the strength of his power over it. Thus, the only project he undertakes with enthusiasm is the training of a litter of puppies. He doesn’t educate them for their own good or for the good of all, however, but rather for his own good: they become his own private army or†¦show more content†¦His critique of Animal Farm has little to do with the Marxist ideology underlying the Rebellion but rather with the perversion of that ideology by later leaders. Major, who represents both Marx and Lenin, serves as the source of the ideals that the animals continue to uphold even after their pig leaders have betrayed them. Though his portrayal of Old Major is largely positive, Orwell does include a few small ironies that allow the reader to question the venerable pig’s motives. For instance, in the midst of his long litany of complaints about how the animals have been treated by human beings, Old Major is forced to concede that his own life has been long, full, and free from the terrors he has vividly sketched for his rapt audience. He seems to have claimed a false brotherhood with the other animals in order to garner their support for hisShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Main Character in Animal Farm1025 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of Major Characters Napoleon From the very beginning of the novella, Napoleon emerges as an utterly corrupt opportunist. Though always present at the early meetings of the new state, Napoleon never makes a single contribution to the revolution—not to the formulation of its ideology, not to the bloody struggle that it necessitates, not to the new society’s initial attempts to establish itself. He never shows interest in the strength of Animal Farm itself, only in the strength of hisRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of George Orwells Animal Farm923 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal Farm Character Analysis Essay â€Å"Old major†¦ was so highly regarded on the farm that everyone was quite ready to lose an hour’s sleep in order to hear what he had to say† (Orwell 1). The author, George Orwell, portrayed Old Major as the wisest of all the animals on the farm, and without being said, Major was a big part of Animal Farm. In fact, he influenced the lives of all the animals with just one speech. On the day of this speech, Major taught all the animals his wise ideas in a kind supportingRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Animal Farm By George Orwell1310 Words   |  6 PagesLiterary Analysis of Animal Farm Although they claimed the farm to be a utopia, the pigs secretly were deceiving their fellow animals and turning the farm into a dystopia. In George Orwell s Animal Farm all of the animals are mistreated by Farmer Jones, but they wish to be treated as equals and live in a utopia so they rebel and take over the farm. The animals first write commandments to avoid chaos, but the leader pigs selfishly modify the commandments in their favor. In the end, the farm is worseRead MoreHow Is Marxism Portrayed in Animal Farm by George Orwell? Essay1369 Words   |  6 PagesHow is Marxism portrayed throughout ‘Animal Farm’ by George Orwell? The main aim of Marxism is to bring about a classless society, and ‘Animal Farm’ is generally considered to be a Marxist novel, as all its characters share a similar ambition at the beginning. ‘Animal Farm’ represents an example of the oppressed masses rising up to form their own classless society, whilst offering a subtle critique on Stalin’s Soviet Russia, and communism in general. Orwell is, ironically, revolutionary in hisRead MoreAnimals Take Over in Animal Farm by George Orwell1370 Words   |  6 PagesIn the novel â€Å"Animal Farm† by George Orwell, the animals take over the farm and develop their own independent society. Just as it happened during the Russian Revolution of 1917. George Orwell underlies the tension between the oppressed and the exploiting classes between the condescending ideals and harsh realities of socialism. During the course of the literary piece by George Orwell makes it clear how the animals are mistreated by â€Å"Mr. Jones â€Å", because of this treatment they are receiving; OldRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Animal Farm By George Orwell1460 Words   |  6 PagesLiterary Analysis of Animal Farm A quote from Wayne Dyer, a late American author and motivational speaker, says that â€Å"[f]reedom means you are unobstructed in living your life as you choose. Anything less is a form of slavery.† This promotes the idea that ultimate freedom to control one’s life is the only way to live. One way to achieve this freedom, if not given, is to stage a revolution against authority. In Animal Farm, a novel by George Orwell, parallels are drawn between his characters and theRead More Analysis of Mrs. Grimes in Sherwood Anderson’s Death in the Woods831 Words   |  3 Pages Analysis of Mrs. Grimes in Sherwood Anderson’s â€Å"Death in the Woods† The self-worth that a person feels that he or she has is mainly determined by how others view that individual. Many people that are blessed with a loving family learn to feel cherished and important. They believe that they have some sort of value to their lives. These people tend to find a reason to be happy and positive regardless of any negative situation they are involved in. However, those who have never been shown love or affectionRead MoreThe Nuns Priests Tale in the Canterbury Tales Essay1339 Words   |  6 Pagestale begins and ends with a poor widwe somdeel stape in age (line 1), but the majority of the content involves not the widow but the animals on her farm, in particular an arrogant rooster name Chauntecleer. 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Life was hard and men could be cruel. Hope might be the only escape from hard reality. This links to the American Dream – represented in George and Lennie’s dream of working hard and getting their own land and farm, and control over their o wn lives. But it was harder than ever to achieve due to the tough economic conditions of the Depression. After Lennie’s death, it might be possible for George to realise his dream, but the emptiness at the end of the novel

Analysis of Main Character in Animal Farm - 1018 Words

Analysis of Major Characters Napoleon From the very beginning of the novella, Napoleon emerges as an utterly corrupt opportunist. Though always present at the early meetings of the new state, Napoleon never makes a single contribution to the revolution—not to the formulation of its ideology, not to the bloody struggle that it necessitates, not to the new society’s initial attempts to establish itself. He never shows interest in the strength of Animal Farm itself, only in the strength of his power over it. Thus, the only project he undertakes with enthusiasm is the training of a litter of puppies. He doesn’t educate them for their own good or for the good of all, however, but rather for his own good: they become his own private army or†¦show more content†¦His critique of Animal Farm has little to do with the Marxist ideology underlying the Rebellion but rather with the perversion of that ideology by later leaders. Major, who represents both Marx and Lenin, serves as the source of the ideals that the animals continue to uphold even after their pig leaders have betrayed them. Though his portrayal of Old Major is largely positive, Orwell does include a few small ironies that allow the reader to question the venerable pig’s motives. For instance, in the midst of his long litany of complaints about how the animals have been treated by human beings, Old Major is forced to concede that his own life has been long, full, and free from the terrors he has vividly sketched for his rapt audience. He seems to have claimed a false brotherhood with the other animals in order to garner their support for hisShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Main Character in Animal Farm1025 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of Major Characters Napoleon From the very beginning of the novella, Napoleon emerges as an utterly corrupt opportunist. 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The main aim of Marxism is to bring about a classless society, and ‘Animal Farm’ is generally considered to be a Marxist novel, as all its characters share a similar ambition at the beginning. ‘Animal Farm’ represents an example of the oppressed masses rising up to form their own classless society, whilst offering a subtle critique on Stalin’s Soviet Russia, and communism in general. Orwell is, ironically, revolutionary in hisRead MoreAnimals Take Over in Animal Farm by George Orwell1370 Words   |  6 PagesIn the novel â€Å"Animal Farm† by George Orwell, the animals take over the farm and develop their own independent society. Just as it happened during the Russian Revolution of 1917. George Orwell underlies the tension between the oppressed and the exploiting classes between the condescending ideals and harsh realities of socialism. 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Analysis of Main Character in Animal Farm - 1018 Words

Analysis of Major Characters Napoleon From the very beginning of the novella, Napoleon emerges as an utterly corrupt opportunist. Though always present at the early meetings of the new state, Napoleon never makes a single contribution to the revolution—not to the formulation of its ideology, not to the bloody struggle that it necessitates, not to the new society’s initial attempts to establish itself. He never shows interest in the strength of Animal Farm itself, only in the strength of his power over it. Thus, the only project he undertakes with enthusiasm is the training of a litter of puppies. He doesn’t educate them for their own good or for the good of all, however, but rather for his own good: they become his own private army or†¦show more content†¦His critique of Animal Farm has little to do with the Marxist ideology underlying the Rebellion but rather with the perversion of that ideology by later leaders. Major, who represents both Marx and Lenin, serves as the source of the ideals that the animals continue to uphold even after their pig leaders have betrayed them. Though his portrayal of Old Major is largely positive, Orwell does include a few small ironies that allow the reader to question the venerable pig’s motives. For instance, in the midst of his long litany of complaints about how the animals have been treated by human beings, Old Major is forced to concede that his own life has been long, full, and free from the terrors he has vividly sketched for his rapt audience. He seems to have claimed a false brotherhood with the other animals in order to garner their support for hisShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Main Character in Animal Farm1025 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of Major Characters Napoleon From the very beginning of the novella, Napoleon emerges as an utterly corrupt opportunist. Though always present at the early meetings of the new state, Napoleon never makes a single contribution to the revolution—not to the formulation of its ideology, not to the bloody struggle that it necessitates, not to the new society’s initial attempts to establish itself. He never shows interest in the strength of Animal Farm itself, only in the strength of hisRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of George Orwells Animal Farm923 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal Farm Character Analysis Essay â€Å"Old major†¦ was so highly regarded on the farm that everyone was quite ready to lose an hour’s sleep in order to hear what he had to say† (Orwell 1). The author, George Orwell, portrayed Old Major as the wisest of all the animals on the farm, and without being said, Major was a big part of Animal Farm. In fact, he influenced the lives of all the animals with just one speech. On the day of this speech, Major taught all the animals his wise ideas in a kind supportingRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Animal Farm By George Orwell1310 Words   |  6 PagesLiterary Analysis of Animal Farm Although they claimed the farm to be a utopia, the pigs secretly were deceiving their fellow animals and turning the farm into a dystopia. In George Orwell s Animal Farm all of the animals are mistreated by Farmer Jones, but they wish to be treated as equals and live in a utopia so they rebel and take over the farm. The animals first write commandments to avoid chaos, but the leader pigs selfishly modify the commandments in their favor. In the end, the farm is worseRead MoreHow Is Marxism Portrayed in Animal Farm by George Orwell? Essay1369 Words   |  6 PagesHow is Marxism portrayed throughout ‘Animal Farm’ by George Orwell? The main aim of Marxism is to bring about a classless society, and ‘Animal Farm’ is generally considered to be a Marxist novel, as all its characters share a similar ambition at the beginning. ‘Animal Farm’ represents an example of the oppressed masses rising up to form their own classless society, whilst offering a subtle critique on Stalin’s Soviet Russia, and communism in general. Orwell is, ironically, revolutionary in hisRead MoreAnimals Take Over in Animal Farm by George Orwell1370 Words   |  6 PagesIn the novel â€Å"Animal Farm† by George Orwell, the animals take over the farm and develop their own independent society. Just as it happened during the Russian Revolution of 1917. George Orwell underlies the tension between the oppressed and the exploiting classes between the condescending ideals and harsh realities of socialism. 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In Animal Farm, a novel by George Orwell, parallels are drawn between his characters and theRead More Analysis of Mrs. Grimes in Sherwood Anderson’s Death in the Woods831 Words   |  3 Pages Analysis of Mrs. Grimes in Sherwood Anderson’s â€Å"Death in the Woods† The self-worth that a person feels that he or she has is mainly determined by how others view that individual. Many people that are blessed with a loving family learn to feel cherished and important. They believe that they have some sort of value to their lives. These people tend to find a reason to be happy and positive regardless of any negative situation they are involved in. However, those who have never been shown love or affectionRead MoreThe Nuns Priests Tale in the Canterbury Tales Essay1339 Words   |  6 Pagestale begins and ends with a poor widwe somdeel stape in age (line 1), but the majority of the content involves not the widow but the animals on her farm, in particular an arrogant rooster name Chauntecleer. The first mention of the main character does not come until the twenty-ninth line, after twenty-eight lines of minute description of the widow and the farm. The donation of large amounts of time to detail slows down the plot of the story; this plot is even furth er drawn out by the Nuns PriestsRead MoreChildren s Literature : Research Paper1570 Words   |  7 Pagesbooks that he has written. Mr. White lived on a farm in Maine and he took care of many of these animals. This is how a lot of his books were written. Some books to mention that his animals made it into his books are Stuart in Stuart Little, Charlotte in Charlotte’s Web. His three books for children—Stuart Little (1945, film 1999), Charlotte’s Web (1952, film 1973 and 2006), and The Trumpet of the Swan (1970)—are considered classics, featuring lively animal protagonists who seamlessly interact with theRead MoreDreams in Of Mice and Men1258 Words   |  6 PagesCalifornia in the 1930s Great Depression. Life was hard and men could be cruel. Hope might be the only escape from hard reality. This links to the American Dream – represented in George and Lennie’s dream of working hard and getting their own land and farm, and control over their o wn lives. But it was harder than ever to achieve due to the tough economic conditions of the Depression. After Lennie’s death, it might be possible for George to realise his dream, but the emptiness at the end of the novel

Lost at the Fair Free Essays

Lost at the Fair Every august the family would load up and head to the big fair in Leitchfield. Always excited to get there and head to the rides while dad went to the tractor pull. It was always a great experience until the year 1993. We will write a custom essay sample on Lost at the Fair or any similar topic only for you Order Now Mom was taking me and my brothers to the rides. We had been to several was having an absolute blast. Then my world froze and I was scared for my life. We were coming out of the fun house my brothers were ahead of me and suddenly I couldn’t find them. I looked in front of me then behind me no where’s around I decided to take the exit and go to my mom. I thought she’d be right around the corner, but when I rounded it she was no where’s insight. I started walking around scared and crying I couldn’t find my mom no where’s. Suddenly this woman came to me. I wasn’t sure if she was going to help me or take me she was just a stranger. Luckily this was a very sweet woman who took me to the announcer box; she was going to help me get back to my mom. The announcer asked me my mom’s names and they hollered several times I was worried she couldn’t hear them and what was I going to do. Four years old in the middle of a fair with hundreds of people. Finally my aunt came to the announcer box after they assured she was my aunt they released me to her. Then out of nowhere I heard my mom’s voice hollering for me. Both scared and crying we were reunited and thankful I was safe. I learned a valuable lesson that day and I wasn’t going to wonder off anymore. How to cite Lost at the Fair, Essay examples

Research methods in nursing and healthcare - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Research methods in nursingand healthcare. Answer: Introduction Critical appraisal is an important process to implement evidence based practice. Critical appraisal skill can help a person to evaluate the effectiveness of a research study and the judge the article for applicability in real setting (LoBiondo-Wood Haber, 2017). In case of health care studies, reviewing the quality of clinical research is necessary to ascertain its validity, credibility and generalizability for real setting or target group (Holloway Galvin 2016). The process of critical appraisal is the systematic process to judge the trustworthiness, value and relevance of the evidence in a particular context (Elwood, 2017). This essay paper is mainly concerned at looking at the evidence regarding the issue of low back pain in nurses and it mainly aims to critically appraise the article by Abedini et al., (2014) to understand the strength and weakness of the article in presenting the findings. The CASP (Critical Appraisal Skills Programme) tool for qualitative research article has been used to critically appraise the article and find its utility in evidence based practice. Critical appraisal of qualitative research article Statement of the aim of research The main aim of the research study by Abedini et al., (2014) was to examine the risk perceptions of non-specific low back pain (LBP) among nurses in Bandar Abbas City, Southern Iran. Research in this area was considered important because LBP has become a serious health issue among nurse and it is the main reason for absenteeism at work. The issue has been found to increase risk of chronic disease among nurses as well as increase the burden of the health care system (Traeger et al., 2014). This research is considered useful because it focuses on getting better understanding about nurses perception related to LBP and this knowledge will prove useful to effectively implement interventions for nurses. Different perception of pain and individualized experience may help to determine how pain education or other interventional program can be implemented for nurses. The study is found relevant to address performance related challenges for nurses and address barriers that affect workflow in he alth care setting. Critique of qualitative methodology To collect data related to risk perception of non-specific low back pain among nurses, Abedini et al., (2014) used qualitative research approach by conducting semi-structure interview with nurses. Quantitative research methodology is considered appropriate for research when the main aim is to study about behavior, experiences and attitudes of people in different context. This research approach helps in getting in-depth information about human behavior and finding the behavior of people in different context (Jirojwong, Johnson Welch, 2014). As Abedini et al., (2014) also aimed to study about nurses perception related to LBP, the use of qualitative methodology is a good decision by researcher. The inductive nature of inquiry facilitated collecting lived experience of participants. The decision to not go for quantitative research methodology is also right because quantification of nurses belief cannot give any new insight or useful data. Appropriateness of research design In accordance with COREQ (Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research) checklist, Abedini et al., (2014) specified the methodological orientation for the study and also explained the reason for selecting those approaches. For instance, qualitative content analysis design was used for the research and the researcher justified the decision by explanation on situations during which qualitative methods are adopted in research and is relevance with purpose of the research. The justification provided is correct because evidence has also showed that qualitative content analysis is mostly used in nursing science research (Polit Beck, 2012). Qualitative content analysis is one of the methods to analyze and interpret research data. The advantage of using this approach is that the objective means of explaining any phenomenon helps in dividing the concepts to different categories or conceptual map (Elo et al., 2014). However, the validity of such research is determined by the manne r in which results were developed and analyzed. Effectiveness of recruitment strategy As per COREQ checklist, the article by Abedini et al., (2014) has specified about recruitment strategy, method of approaching participants and sample size too. For instance, purposive sampling technique was employed to recruit participants and their sample size was determined after confirming data saturation. Participants has face-to-face interview which were recorded and transcribed. Hence, by the use of this strategy, about 30 nurses were selected for the study. Purposive sampling strategy is a non-probability sampling technique and it is found useful when the aim is to collect data from target sample quickly. This kind of sample may not be representative of the whole population, however it is found useful when population is very large (Etikan, Musa Alkassim, 2016). Abedini et al., (2014) wanted to get wide range of individual experience and perception, so they recruited participants based on diverse criteria such age, gender, work experience, marital status, different degree of p ain and positions. Use of such heterogeneous purposive sample is commendable because it helped in getting diverse range of cases, related to risk perception of nurses regarding LBP (Robinson, 2014). The quality of qualitative research paper is understood when the author gives clear idea regarding each strategy taken and the rational for it. Quality and trustworthiness of research also becomes evident when clinical reality is appropriately analyzed (Mantzoukas, 2008). Abedini et al., (2014) work is also found to be high quality evidence on the basis of these criteria because the authors were explaining the reason for any strategy whenever it was mentioned in the article. For instance, the main inclusion criteria for sample selection was one year experience in nursing, however the author justified why wide range of samples were taken. However, the author did not give wide explanation around recruitment. Instead, the discussion mainly centered around questions used for interview and ethical requirements before recruiting samples for the study. Method of data collection According to COREQ checklist, a quantitative research articles must have details on interview guide, repeat interviews, method of collecting data, duration, field notes, data saturations and return of transcripts by participant. Abedini et al., (2014) provided detail on development of interview guide, however no repeat interviews were carried out. The study was conducted in Bandar Abbas, but the author gave no detail regarding the setting. Despite the above mentioned shortcomings in the article, the strength of the data collection section is that the researcher has explicitly covered the method of conducting interview. For instance, the process used to prepare interview guide was discussed and it was based on protection motivation theory. This theoretical basis was useful to effectively evaluated risk perception. Semi-structured interview was conducted and interview data were converted into audio transcripts. Another important aspect that was considered by the researcher was saturation of data. All such discussion makes reviewer clear about the method of collecting data. However, there were no such instances of repeat interview and return of transcripts. The researcher did not clarified regarding the duration of interview too (Abedini et al., (2014). Hence, method of data collection that is conducting interview to collect data was found useful because it had the potential to directly address the aim or research question. Minor shortcomings were present, however this had negligible impact on study result. Relationship between researcher and participants The validity of any qualitative research is understood when author demonstrate self-reflexivity in data collection and data analysis process. This means while formulating research question and sample recruitment strategy, the author examines their role in contributing to biasness (Borbasi, Hengstberger-Simis Jackson, 2008). In case of the study by Abedini et al., (2014), the authors focused on minimizing biasness during formulation of questions for interview. This can be said because questions were not independently framed by researcher. Instead, great rigor was seen in preparing interview guide because literatures related to LBP, protection motivation theory and other qualitative approach was reviewed before preparing interview question. In addition, the questions are finalized only after taking feedback from health education and behavioral specialist. This process validated the research and eliminated chances of biasness too. However, the same thing cannot be said regarding the us e of purposive sampling strategy. This is because purposive sample is taken based on judgment of researcher; hence there is increased chance of selection bias (Robinson, 2014). The alertness of researcher to reduce potential bias and influences is also understood when they effectively respond to unpredictable events during the study. This is also reflective of the reliability of the study because such explanations clearly show that the researcher is taking note of all changes that can affect the study results. The study by Abedini et al., (2014) lacked all such discussion because at no point the researcher explained about any changes in research process due to unpredictable events. However, the author focused on establishing relationship with participant by informing them about research purpose, rational for recording the interview and voluntary participation process (Tong, Sainsbury Craig, 2007). This helped in getting appropriate response from participants during the research. Consideration of ethical issues in research While conducting qualitative research, researchers have the responsibility to fulfill certain ethical requirements before starting the research. This includes maintaining anonymity and confidentiality of client information and taking informed consent from participant. Abedini et al., (2014), also maintained ethical standards in research by giving all information to participants related to research purpose, voluntary participation and confidentiality of participants identity. Besides this, they were also made aware about the how research will be conducted by informing about data collection method and reasons to record the interview. Hence, by the above justification, it becomes clear that confidentiality and informed consent requirements were maintained. Despite this, one very important and vital aspect of ethics was missing in the research which was taking approval from the Research Committee regarding conducting the research. Missing such important point can give a bad impression to reviewers. Critique of data analysis The validity of the study is finding is determined by the way data is analyzed. In case of interview with nurse regarding LBP, data collected from the interview records were analyzed. The text transcribed in the Microsoft Office Word was also transferred into a qualitative data analyzing software, MAZQDA10 version 10. This software analyzes and categorize qualitative data in a systematic manner. Deductive content analysis of data was done by extracting key concepts assigning primary codes to each sentence. By this way of primary coding, main category and sub-category was analyzed (Abedini et al., 2014). Hence, it can be inference that thematic analysis was followed which helps in in-depth exploration of data. The researcher also focused on reducing bias by maintaining the accuracy of verbal cues. For instance, this was done by comparing the audio tapes. This is also revealed the process by which data collected from original sample were analyzed. On comparison of the article according to the COREQ checklist, it can be said that coding was used and themes were derived. Appropriate software was also used to manage the data, however participants feedback on findings was not present. Despite taking only 30 samples, the data can be sufficient because diverse range of participants were recruited to make the sample inclusive. Statement of findings With respect to the original research question, the subcategories were developed on the basis of perceived severity and perceived vulnerability. The key subcategories emerging in perceived severity includes impact of LBP on confronting challenges in profession, inefficiencies in job performance, physical and psychological consequences and financial problems. Subcategories under perceived vulnerability included challenges in hospitals working system and nature of nursing job (Abedini et al,. 2014). The main conclusion from the finding is that nurses mainly have the perception that LBP negative affects their life and disrupts personal nursing performance. Some categories were found consistent with past studies, however some new subtopics such as affect on married life also emerged which was not covered in past studies. Although the themes were linked back to research question, however the quality of article is evident from the utilization of triangulation method to validate the finding s. Many themes were cross-verified from more than two sources (Carter et al., 2014). Besides this, use of direct quotation from nurses helped to enhance the credibility of data. Importance of research The outcome of the study by Abedini et al., (2014) will have great implications on nursing practice and key policy makers. This is because the findings were also analyzed in relation to current practice and on this basis several flaws in work environment and nature of working profession was found which contributed to LBP. Therefore, to effectively implement interventions related to work environment and rules and regulation for research, the study gave direction for future research ideas too. This includes doing more research on work related factors contributing to LBP in nurses. By giving this statement, the researcher gave the idea that the research can be used to improve the quality of nursing care and address the problem of LBP. Conclusion From the critical appraisal of the article by Abedini et al., (2014), it can be said that the evidence is a good quality qualitative research articles as it adopted suitable research process and data analysis process to get answer to the original research questions. Although certain shortcomings were found in the article according to the COREQ checklist (such as no participant feedback, transcript returned, duration of interview, detail of setting and personal characteristics of interviewer), however these were negligible mistakes that would have little impact on study results. The research gave wide area regarding risk perception of nurses regarding LBP, hence the recommendation of narrowing down the research with work related LBP in future was a commendable advice by the researcher. Reference Abedini, S., Morowatisharifabad, M.A., Enjezab, B., Barkhordari, A. Fallahzadeh, H., (2014). Risk perception of nonspecific low back pain among nurses: a qualitative approach.Health promotion perspectives,4(2), p.221. Borbasi, S., Hengstberger-Simis, C. Jackson, D., (2008). Quantitative research: summing it up.Navigating the maze of nursing research 2e: an interactive learning adventure.(Eds S Borbasi, D Jackson, R Langford) pp, pp.103-150. Carter, N., Bryant-Lukosius, D., DiCenso, A., Blythe, J. Neville, A.J., (2014), September. The use of triangulation in qualitative research. InOncology nursing forum(Vol. 41, No. 5). Elo, S., Kriinen, M., Kanste, O., Plkki, T., Utriainen, K. Kyngs, H., (2014). Qualitative content analysis: A focus on trustworthiness.Sage Open,4(1), p.2158244014522633. Elwood, M. (2017).Critical appraisal of epidemiological studies and clinical trials. Oxford University Press. Etikan, I., Musa, S.A. Alkassim, R.S., (2016). Comparison of convenience sampling and purposive sampling.American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics,5(1), pp.1-4. Holloway, I., Galvin, K. (2016).Qualitative research in nursing and healthcare. John Wiley Sons. Jirojwong, S., Johnson, M. Welch, A.J., (2014). Research methods in nursing and midwifery: pathways to evidence based practice [metadata only]. LoBiondo-Wood, G., Haber, J. (2017).Nursing Research-E-Book: Methods and Critical Appraisal for Evidence-Based Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. Mantzoukas, S., (2008). A review of evidence?based practice, nursing research and reflection: levelling the hierarchy.Journal of clinical nursing,17(2), pp.214-223. Mhaskar, R., Emmanuel, P., Mishra, S., Patel, S., Naik, E. Kumar, A., (2009). Critical appraisal skills are essential to informed decision-making.Indian journal of sexually transmitted diseases,30(2), p.112. Polit, D.F. Beck, C.T., (2012). Trustworthiness and integrity in qualitative research. InNursing research. Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice(pp. 582-601). Wolters Kluwer Health, Philadelphia. Robinson, O. C. (2014). Sampling in interview-based qualitative research: A theoretical and practical guide.Qualitative Research in Psychology,11(1), 25-41. Robinson, O.C., (2014). Sampling in interview-based qualitative research: A theoretical and practical guide.Qualitative Research in Psychology,11(1), pp.25-41. Tong, A., Sainsbury, P. Craig, J., (2007). Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups.International journal for quality in health care,19(6), pp.349-357. Traeger, A.C., Moseley, G.L., Hbscher, M., Lee, H., Skinner, I.W., Nicholas, M.K., Henschke, N., Refshauge, K.M., Blyth, F.M., Main, C.J. Hush, J.M., (2014). Pain education to prevent chronic low back pain: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.BMJ open,4(6), p.e005505.

Ku Klux Klan Essays (629 words) - Antisemitism In The United States

Ku Klux Klan Michael Vieira Sociology 5/12/00 The Ku Klux Klan The KKK is a movement that has been very controversial since the Civil War. The Klan as they call themselves was created as a result of the occupation of Federal troops in the South. The KKKs purpose at the time was to provide the people of the south with the leadership to bring back the values of Western Civilization that was taken from them. In the 1920s the Klan had its most popular era. At this time the KKK was the most active politically then it has ever been in history. The KKK still exists today as a brotherhood and a new White racial community that lives and functions by the ideals it promotes. Today the Klan is in its 5th era and continues to be Americas oldest and most effective White Christian Fraternal organization. The Klan stands for many things: The White Race, America First, (First before any foreign or alien influence or interest, and a foreign policy of military non-intervention.) The Constitution, (As originally written and intended. The finest system of government ever conceived by man, who is based on the Holy Bible and Christian Common Law.) Free Enterprise, (Private property and ownership of business, but an end to high-finance exploitation. We advocate economic nationalism and we oppose the Federal Reserve Bank and so-called free trade.) Positive Christianity, (The right of the American people to practice their Christian faith - including prayer in schools. Many Klan members and supporters are involved with the growing Christian Identity religion, which continues to unite the Christian Patriot Movement in the United States.) The Knights of the Ku Klux Klan is a fraternal, patriotic movement promoting the ideals of Western Christian Civilization and White Racial political self-determination. It is a duly incorporated, non-profit, legally recognized institution, working to rebuild our collapsing society on the principles of Christian honor, honesty, duty, courage, brotherhood, and patriotism. As the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan strive toward the ideals it wants for tomorrow, it lives by those today. In order to become a member of the KKK a person has to meet the following criteria 100%, (the KKK is not an open membership movement) Only pure White Christian people of non-Jewish, non-Negro, non-Asian descent who are at least eighteen years old and who pledge to dedicate their lives to this cause can enter the Ku Klux Klan. Those under the age of eighteen can join the Klan Youth Corp. with parental consent. The Ku Klux Klan is a strictly law-abiding organization. Every member is sworn to uphold the law and the principles of justice. The name Ku Klux Klan comes from the Greek word kuklos, meaning circle, because in it is contained some of the unique characteristics of the White or Aryan race. The wheel is a symbol of creativity therefor the creativity of the White races, and the circle is the oldest symbol of unity. Ku Klux was simply taken from the word kuklos and Klan was added. According to the Klan, it is still around because of the name and symbols break through the paper curtain of the anti-White media and brings us to the attention of those who want to learn more about us. Today it is trying to prevent people from taking away your guns, against promoting homosexuals in schools, against permitting the flood of illegal aliens coming across our borders that then tax you to death in order to pay for welfare and other give-away programs. In conclusion the KKK is a movement with very strong beliefs and many deep roots in its history. The KKK is an ongoing movement that will be around until all there demands are met.

Digital TV essays

Digital TV essays Broadcasting, the transmission of information by radio or television, is a major factor affecting the television industry today. Broadcasting is currently achieved through analogue, a system that has existed since television began in the 1940s and 50s. "Analogue converts sound and pictures into waves, which are then transmitted through the air and picked up by our rooftops or indoor aerials." But, because of rapid technological advances in the modern era, analogue will soon be obsolete, and is presently in the process of being replaced by digital broadcasting, the new form of broadcasting that "turns pictures and sound into computer language, which changes ones television into a form of computer, so that it can connect to the Internet, take interactive programs, and carry many more channels," all of which cannot be accomplished through analogue. As modern technology grows, the television industry is introduced to major issues, such as low consumer confidence, a! nalogue switch-off difficulties, and the lack of technical skills. And unless these problems are resolved soon, they will lead to the collapse of the television industry. Concerns associated with employee technical skills is becoming very common in the digital TV industry. The industry fears that its employees may lack the advanced technical knowledge required for the future. Its major concern right now is to find the right people with the right skills to effectively implement future strategies. Digital TV companies must become much more competent, innovative and creative, which means that its employees must be willing to develop themselves and their company in order to sustain the industry. As many are aware, IT skills will be very essential to the well-being of the industry. Because a number of shoppers today are already purchasing products online and Internet access via digital TV exists, advanced IT skills are definitel...

CHOOSE ANY CAMPAIGN EITHER AN EXISTING ONE OR OF YOUR OWN THAT WILL OF Research Paper

CHOOSE ANY CAMPAIGN EITHER AN EXISTING ONE OR OF YOUR OWN THAT WILL OF INTREST BY THE PRESS AND MENTION THAT I AM STUDENT OF WESTMINSTER - Research Paper Example In the past 5 years, Salt Lake City School District has been unsuccessful at the polls in its bid to request taxpayers and voters to vote for an increase in fund’s allocation to the school. The school needs taxpayers to support the school’s operations which have become too expensive putting into consideration the budget of the school. This is as a result of inflation and increase in commodity prices within the state. The administration of the school plans to return to the voting arena on November to further its appeal to the public to grant the school more support. If the levy proposed will not be voted for, the school will have to cut its expenditure by 21% and reduce its workforce by 26%1. The school will also have difficulty in purchasing additional material for learning and extra-curriculum activities. The November election is projected to attract more voters due to the highly published financial crises in the school. The village of Salt Lake City and all its surrounding townships can be expected to avail 4986 voters in the November 29, 2012 election. Thought the coverage of the school’s service districts goes even into the surrounding townships, 89% of the students of Salt Lake City School District come from the Township of Salt Lake. Nearly 52% of the registered voters in the district are women. It is interesting also that among the total voters, 49% have 50 and above years. The average annual income in the township is $51,000 annually with a home value of $ 225,0002. It is important to note that there is a fast growing and active group of activists who are against tax increases. The campaign aim was to ensure that at least 2500 vote were for the levy. This would require motivation of this people since the levy itself would reduce their net incomes. The previous election that was one year prior to the latest election had 1102 voters supporting the levy that would cut the school on a good financial position. The campaigning

Questions on Social Change Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Questions on Social Change - Assignment Example But all the same, these changes have given women a more equal position to men in families and marriage thereby democratizing families and marriages Mooney, Knox and Schacht, 154-155). The gain involved with these phenomena is that human rights of women are better protected, and the major loss is that children of divorced parents lack the care of one parent. Should all countries insist that all children be in school?   To what level?   What is the answer for families who insist they need their children to help with the work?   Do a web search.  Ã‚   Are there any international groups which promote education and literacy in developing countries? All the countries should insist that all children be in school but the level varies according to the socio-economic conditions of the societies of those nations. For example, a developed country can show some flexibility in this regard by allowing children to choose home study or some other kind of informal education system because such a country might have wiped out social discrimination in the matter of education and also parental awareness about the importance of education will be higher.

Three categories of textile

Three categories of textile 1.1 Background Study â€Å"Waste is defined as anything left over or superfluous, as excess material or by-products, anything rejected or useless, worthless or unwanted.† D Tanya and K Kathy, 1997. They also depicts three categories of textile and apparel waste in ‘Textile waste Lifecycle model namely, post-producer waste generated by manufacturers, pre-consumer waste generated by retailers and post-consumer waste generated by the public. For this research paper, post-producer waste is taken into consideration. In specific, denim waste from the supply chain industries is studied for the purpose of its management. Since Denim fabric is considered to be the toughest fabric and constitutes the maximum amount of cotton which is considered to be organic in nature. Thus it is appropriate to find its recovery system so that no denim waste is land filled or burnt in the atmosphere. In the research paper-â€Å"The Textile waste Lifecycle† in Clothing and Textile Research Journal, author discusses the growing attention towards solid waste management by textile and apparel industry to environmental responsibility and expanded efforts to reduce disposal of post-producer textile waste in landfills. Authors said that the Environmental awareness and subsequently the word â€Å"recycling† has been in common usage for 25 years. But finding ways of recycling textile waste as an alternative to landfill disposal is an ecological problem on which textile/apparel industry is already working. Though they are still working on to develop a Textile waste Lifecycle model to reduce the textile waste in all the categories of textile and apparel waste. Authors while introducing in the above research paper discusses that the vast majority of solid waste stream is contributed by post-producer waste from the industry including fiber producers, textile mills and fabric and apparel manufacturers. Therefore, â€Å"Recycling, a large component of the bigger environmental movement, has grown rapidly in recent years†. (D Tanya and K Kathy, 1997) He also mentioned that the interest towards recycling is due to many factors including green consumerism, rising waste disposal cost, an explosion of legislative initiatives and mandates and the evolution of waste recycling into smoothly running commodity industry. Discussed in the 2nd International conference of Textile Research Division under the topic â€Å"Textile waste-material Recycling† by (G. M. EI-Nouby, H. A. Azzam, S. T. Mohamed, and M. N. El-Sheikh, 2005) that large amounts of cloth scrap, clippings and loose sample scraps are created at â€Å"cut and sew† plants where garments are manufactured. These scraps of waste-material comprises of 15-30% of all types of garments manufactured. Also in the recent study in the research paper â€Å"Recycling Textile waste-Newer Dimensions† by S. Aishwarya(2010) found the total cotton fiber consumption is estimated to be 26 lakh tons per year, of which approximately 2,10, 000 of cotton dust which is a micro dust and also considered as a non-saleable waste which is produced during yarn manufacturing process. Due to environmental concerns, a large number of companies are currently developing manufacturing processes using alternative materials for their products and seeking new markets for the sub-products of their first-line production as said by the authors M.G Gomes, R. Fangueiro, C.Gonilho (2006). They also points that due to the higher prices for raw materials and man-made fibers, it will be utmost importance to recycle some of the waste. Linked to this, they also states that companies who want to stay in business have to be good environmentalists. But major issues facing the recycling efforts of Textile and apparel manufacturers are lack of market for recycled products and cost of processes as discussed by (D Tanya and K Kathy, 1997). They also did industry research which has indicated that small companies may have less waste to recycle which makes the cost of recycling too high. The problem is in particular concern for small manufactures. Therefore, it is important to find the cost-benefit of textile recycling industry. Larney and Annette, 2004 has also investigated the South African textile industry in regard to recycling practices, interest and willingness of the manufacturers and the problems barriers to enter the market for recycled products. The questionnaire and mail survey was done considering 103 textile manufactures including small, medium and large textile manufactures. Out of 10 statements asked in the questionnaire, rank wise, most of the companies would purchase carpets from recycled textile materials, then they said that they would manufacture apparel or other textile products made from recycled textile materials and so on. The last rank was given to the statement that â€Å"It is not economically feasible for my company to recycled textile material to produce new apparel or other textile products.† and â€Å"It is always more expensive for my company to use recycled textile materials then it is to use new textile materials in the production of apparel or other textile product s†. On the other hand, companies agreed to the fact that market strategy that creates a strong ultimate demand is an appropriate strategy to use with apparel or other textile products made from recycled textile materials. The research concluded that uncertainty of market strategies could be the economic barriers, as textile recycling is not cost effective in general even though most industries advised the strong trade demand through market strategy because then only the market would be moved forward. Therefore, it is still important to identify applications of textile waste apart from landfilling the waste which is considered as the major gap in the industry. Therefore, for the purpose of this research, it is important to find considerable denim waste (denim fabric which is constitutes the maximum cotton consumption and is considered to be organic in nature) from the industry which can be further analyzed to find its various applications (which means its recovery options) and the result may help in building â€Å"return service† for yarn manufacturers/denim manufacturers through denim apparel manufactures locally. 1.2 Project Objectives The objectives are to study the options for the recovery and recycling the denim wastes and to find the economic feasibility and opportunities by applying this to the supply chain from denim manufacturing through the Denim apparel manufacturing. In this the following objectives can be confirmed: To assess the amount of denim waste generated by the Denim apparel manufacturers To study what happens to denim waste and price considerations of rag dealers locally To analyze the various applications of denim waste reuse/recycling To recommend a â€Å"return service† for denim scrap locally CHAPTER-2 LITERATURE REVIEW Literature Review is analyzing previous researchers work to have an idea of what other people have done in the same area of study. The project revolves around classifying the prospects of industrial denim waste and its cost efficiency. Following sections of Literature Review discusses objective-wise researchers study. Firstly it will talk about the study on the amount of waste estimated in Textile Industry, then it reveals whether informal or any government organizations are involved in recycling/reuse practices, then finding the applications of denim recycling and finally looking at the cost effectiveness of the same. The Literature Review involve research papers of renowned authors, or any other articles from Internet or otherwise. It will involve Secondary data which means the data is collected from Secondary source all over the world and then summarized in the form of my own analyses author wise in each section. Although in Chapter-4, data collection in the form of Primary data is viewed by consulting Denim apparel manufacturers, rag dealers and recyclers to identify and facilitate the objectives of the research paper. 2.1 The amount and forms of Post-producer textile waste generated or recycled In the research paper-â€Å"The Textile Waste Lifecycle†, the authors revealed that the vast majority of solid waste stream is contributed by post-producer waste from the industry. For textiles, it was estimated between 1.5 and 1.9 billion pounds of new fiber and fabric wastes annually by fiber producers, textile mills and fabric manufactures in USA. Out of 2% of the total nations annual post-producer textile waste(which amounts to 11.2 billion tons), apparel manufacturers waste contributed 450 to 600 million tons annually in the form of apparel cuttings. Media attention to various U.S industries potential for ecological damage as contribution to sold waste stream has pressured the textile industry to respond with alternatives other than landfilling waste according to the author. And this environmental pressure has had dramatic impact the last ten years as companies have added environmentally sound management philosophy. Therefore, the authors analyzed a â€Å"Textile Waste L ifecycle model† which is also shown in Figure: 1 to show the integration of post-producer and post-consumer textile waste with resalable and reusable new products. Also the model contribute to the philosophy that while everything must go somewhere, there are more options than landfilling. The above figure of Textile Waste Lifecycle Model reveals that Post-producer textile waste may be disposed of in three ways. Firstly, it may enter the solid waste stream and end in landfills or waste incinerators. The second option is converting the solid waste into energy to power the manufacturing process. The third option is to sell the waste to textile waste recycler who shreds garments, fabric or fiber waste into new fiber. The author also quoted various examples of textile recyclers in order to establish the fact that what they are doing with the post-producer textile waste which is discussed in section 2.2.Authors in the end of this research paper provides further framework for further dialogue about what constitutes the textile waste and finding means by which textile waste is or can be disposed. Likewise, many avenues for further study were established. There are still voids and gaps in the market so as to understand what constitutes the textile waste. Therefore authors in this research left initiatives for further finding the applications of various textile waste which forms the part of the objectives of research paper. Another recent survey by T.H. Christensen, G. Bhander, H. Lindvall, A.W. Larsen, T. Fruergaard, A. Damgaard, S. Manfredi, A. Boldrin, C. Riber and M. Hauschild, 2008 is also done to calculate the volume of textile production waste materials and the recycling level by Lithuanian textile, clothing and soft furniture production enterprise. 18 textile companies, 12 apparel industry companies and 10 companies of soft furniture production have been surveyed by questioning. A significant part of textile production waste is land filled. The transportation of textile waste for land filling requires additional investments including the continuously increasing pressure of taxation for waste disposal and transportation costs. With the EU Environmental Law getting stricter, the process of waste land filling will become more loss-making. The Resolution prohibits burying of all recyclable waste, including textile waste, from the year 2015 and prohibits burying of all residual waste, except the case s when the burying is inevitable or a danger arises, from the year 2025. The overall waste amount throughout the entire cycle of a textile fabric production from yarn manufacturing to fabric sewing may constitute upto 40-50% of raw materials quantity. On the other hand, the amount of textile waste generated in the apparel industry companies covers the interval of 3-22% in proportion to the raw materials used. The main part of all the waste (62.5%) consists of textile material cuttings. These are cuttings of different size with dyeing defects, stained, fine knitted fabric waste, woven fabric borders, weighted cuttings of woven fabrics (0.1-2mm length), and cutouts from garment sewing industry. Following Table-1 shows the waste amount and recycling degree according to enterprise type TABLE-1 Enterprise type Overall amount of waste, t Average amount of waste, t Amount of waste recycle/ used in co.,t Amount of waste solid given away, t Amount of waste solid transported for land filling, t Textile Production 1671.2 93 343.7 815.1 513.1 Apparel 1001.0 83 0 299.6 701.4 The research has shown the amount of waste produced by different industries, and how much it is reused, recycled and hw much thrown in landfill.Figure:2, 3 proves that more than half of the textile industry waste goes in the landfill and very less amount of waste is recycled. This research has revealed that how waste is going to put pressure on each and every industry, as they are already spending on transportation of waste and in future it is said that they also have to pay taxes for this waste disposal. By 2015 government will not allow to dispose off the waste in the landfill. The research only looked at the waste, its amount and how it is going to create problems in the future. But there are no ways how to recover or recycle is discussed. In 2005, the 2nd Conference of Textile Research Division already discussed â€Å"Ways and Means† to Textile -waste Recycling by authors, G. M. EI-Nouby, H. A. Azzam, S. T. Mohamed, and M. N. El-Sheikh which is discussed in following section 2.2 Therefore, from the above section it can be concluded that there is no proper study which has been witnessed by Denim textile/or apparel industry in specific. Though there are lot of studies done by various textile/apparel industries irrespective of specific industries such as Denim industry to identify the amount of waste and its further prospects. 2.2 The Recyclers and theirRecycling applications of Textile waste The 2nd Conference meetings Journal-â€Å"Textile Waste-Material Recycling†-Part-I- Ways and Means† includes the extensive coverage of previous work. It also attempts to convert textile waste material into useful forms, non-woven fabrics or spun yarns. The methods and machines used in textile waste material recycling were also covered to increase the ability of Egyptian textile industry to compete in the era of open markets and globalization. The above figure: 5 show the technical solution and non-technical solution to manage textile waste which is also discussed in Figure: 1 by Domina and Kathy to integrate the textile waste among all the categories including post-producer waste, pre-consumer waste and post-consumer waste. But here the question arises that what recyclers are doing in order to find various applications of the textile waste material. Therefore, D, Tanya and K Kathy, 1997 in the research paper-â€Å"The Textile Waste Lifecycle† conducted a survey and found various textile recyclers and what they are actually doing to reduce post-producer textile waste. Following are the textile recyclers namely, Crown Textile recycler, where fiber makes up 60% of the all solid waste, of which 95% is recycled as energy Leigh Fibers Inc., a textile and apparel waste recycler that purchases bundled textile waste such as carding, fabric scraps and thread, shreds waste into fibers which are then sold. Eco Fiber Canada, Inc. makes cotton yarn from fiber and fabric waste to be then made into a variety of apparel products. Levis Strauss and company has recycled 400000 pounds of denim scrap into paper Cone mills recycle polypropylene wrapping from cotton bales, polyester and other materials. Russell Corp. rebales its cutting waste for resale or returns it into fiber for use in spinning Burlington recycles old jeans and denim scrap into new denim fabric which Levis Strauss makes into Jeans According to the survey, both the authors reports that 73% of the post-producer fabric waste is recycled annually, approximately 150 million pounds are reprocessed into fiber, 200 million pounds are sorted by color and exported to respun, and 100 million pounds are used to make wipers. They also said that due to the difficulty in separating laminated fabrics and high usage of blended yarns and fabrics, only about 2% of industrial fabric waste are recycled. Since our project aims at Denim waste recycling, there should be no difficulty of such kind as in blended yarns and fabrics. One of the Denim Return Project done by Bradmill Group in Denim Park in 1999 revealed that Denim waste are generated such as warp tailings, denim selvage, fabric waste and other smaller waste. The group also found the opportunities for the recycling and reuse for denim wastes and to provide this to a totally a recycling activity for their group as well as fulfilling a need for waste reduction at Denim Park facility. The opportunities of denim reuse that Bradmill Group investigated are: Shredding and Recycling into a new spinning operation Shredding and Reuse as a fiber base for paper and cardboard Sorting and packaging for sale locally and overseas Briquetting for combustion in Bradmill Undare boilers Shredding and use as filling material for a range of non-woven applications including wadding for furniture, cushions, pillows and car wadding Shredding and use in mushroom production Shredding for use as an absorbent material(mainly for oil spills) Use of large scraps as polishing rags Certain aspects are identified by Bradmill, 1999 which affect the recyclability of denim waste which are as follows: Fiber length, which is identified as critical to the end application. Short length fibers which are less than 3mm cannot be respun, whereas long length fibers are suitable for respinning Impurities (such as oil, dirt, vegetable and metal contamination), is another critical aspect of fiber reuse which can cause serious hazards in reprocessing. Sizing is a starchy material which is required during weaving operations. Therefore, waste fabrics/fibers require desizing as Sizing will affect fiber absorbency, which will reduce its effectiveness in oil spill collection, paper production, and may reduce its usability in other non-woven applications. Lastly, Color in the fiber can have a positive or negative effect on recyclability. Since residual colors in denim fibers many affect the final product if it has a particular application For example: high quality white paper. Some recycling operations require use colored fibers sorted into colors for respinning. Careful color mixing of fibers to achieve specified colors without requiring dyeing. This type of operation requires cost-cutting input of approximately 250 tonnes of waste per month whereas Bradmill produces approximately 20 tonnes per month. A basic breakdown of reuse fiber requirements is discussed in Table: 2 according to the survey done by Bradmill. Again the major issues facing the recycling efforts of textile and apparel manufacturers are lack of market for recycled products and cost of processing as also discussed by the famous authors D Tanya and K Kathy, 1997 Therefore, there are still gaps in the market to find the cost-benefit (or cost effectiveness) of the opportunities of Denim reuse/recycling business. In the section 2.3 certain researches have been compiled to analyze the full cost and cost-benefit of recycling business of solid waste management. TABLE: 2 APPLICATION FIBER CHARACTER SHORT LONG COLORED SIZED METAL CONTAM. Respinning for colored yarn à ¼ à ¼ Desizing may be required Paper Production à ¼ Blue is ok(may be Black) Desizing may be required Paper board Production à ¼ May require Bleaching à ¼ Shredding for fill à ¼ à ¼ à ¼ à ¼ Shredding for Absorbent à ¼ à ¼ à ¼ à ¼ Combustion à ¼ à ¼ à ¼ à ¼ à ¼ Non-woven à ¼ à ¼ May require Bleaching May require Desizing Rags Scraps 8cm. sq.(Min.) à ¼ à ¼ N/A Mushroom Production à ¼ à ¼ à ¼ à ¼ Another recent research by S. Aishwariya in the research paper â€Å" Recycling Textile waste-Newer dimensions(2010) found that willow waste(which is a short fiber waste considered as non-salable and also just disposed off as landfills) in India according to the unforeseen statistical report amounts to 80,000-85,000 tones per annum. Therefore, this non-resalable can be collected, processed and converted into biocompost by the use of vermicomposting and enzymes technology which can be a very convincing effort to reduce and recycle waste. â€Å"Vermicomposting in the broad sense can be termed as waste minimization which is a very effective technology for managing solid organic wastes, into highly beneficial and valuable compost that can be used as supplement to increase soil fertility.† 2.3 Cost Analysis of Textile Recycling business B Margaret and P Paul, 1998 talks about the real cost of waste in the research paper -â€Å"The waste minimization of food and drink industry† and explains that â€Å"The cost of waste is not only the cost of getting rid of it, but also the value of what you are getting rid of. According to the authors, the real cost of waste can be divided into two categories, the visible costs and the hidden cost. But it is said that in the apparel industry, efforts are made towards waste minimization but still there is a lot of waste generated as discussed in section 2.1 of this chapter. Because, nowadays automated grading and optimized placements of garment pieces within a marker are powerful, but also optimizing the mapping of the markers to the different rolls of fabric is the key to optimizing fabric consumption and lowering costs. (Retrieved from a solution case study â€Å"Integrated Solutions Increase Efficiency and Reduce Waste in Clothing Manufacturing† by REACH technologies) Therefore, S Michael, D Mathew, M Scott, G Cathleen, E Matt, G Beth, 1997 of the â€Å"Division of Pollution Prevention and Environmental Assistance(DPPEA)† by the department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources conducted a study on â€Å"Analysis of the Full Costs of Solid Waste Management for North Carolina local governments.† The study found that the cost-effectiveness of recycling program (compared to solid waste collection and disposal) correlate the local governments recycling rate i.e. the local governments that achieve high recycling rates are more likely to operate recycling programs that are less expensive per ton than solid waste collection and disposal. The Full cost Analysis (FCA) helps local governments understand expenditures associated with collection, disposal and recycling so that the true costs and benefits of each sectors are understood. The study presents cost analyses by 15 North Carolina local governments and concentrated on cost of residential solid waste collection, solid waste disposal and The study presents and analyzes the quantitative from the completed full cost analysis worksheet of residential solid waste collection, disposal and recycling. All governments used the same methodology of identifying the Full cost work sheet as a standard format. To determine the efficiency measurements, cost-per-ton figures for 15 North Carolina local governments are taken as a sample of study. The Recycling cost includes the cost of collection, processing and marketing of materials. In the Figure: 6, It can be seen that recycling cost appears to be most costly solid waste management option per ton. This comparison is explored in more detail in Fig: 7 which show that relative cost effectiveness of recycling compared to solid waste collection and disposal cost is directly correlated to local government recycling rates. Finally, the research concluded three tangible conclusions: Full cost analysis provides a foundation for budgetary decisions Recycling can cost as little or less than solid waste management Local governments that achieve high recycling rates are more likely to operate recycling programs that are less expensive per ton than solid waste collection and disposal. That means there is a positive correlation between recycling rates and low recycling costs (compared to solid waste management) for 15 participating local governments. Therefore, from the above three sections discussed in this chapter, it can be concluded that a lot of studies are being done to find the opportunities of textile waste recycling and finding the positive correlation between recycling rates and low recycling cost. But, there is still a gap in the market to identify and analyze the opportunities of denim waste recycling and finding the best possible alternative applications of denim waste reuse in India. CHAPTER-3 METHODOLOGY The project waste management in the Apparel Industry is taken because of the global scenario. So in order to contribute to the noble cause this project will assess the amount of waste in the Denim apparel industry in specific and emphasize on the alternative use of Denim apparel waste. For carrying out the project, data needs to be collected and this can be divided into Primary and Secondary data collection. For this project, Primary data is the data (or information) which is collected from the Denim apparel Industries in Delhi/NCR and other textile waste members in the supplychain Delhi/NCR and other areas. For collecting Secondary data, information from e-books, e-journal articles etc. will be require to find out what all researches are carried out in this field, what is the result of this researches, how denim apparel waste can be an input for any other industry, which areas have not been thoroughly covered etc. Objective:1 To assess the forms and amount of denim waste generated by the Denim apparel manufacturers Sampling Frame: 3 Denim apparel Manufacturers Sample Technique: Convenience and Judgmental technique Research Design: Descriptive Data Collection: Primary data collection(Case Study) to analyze whether there is a considerable amount of waste in the Denim apparel Industry and if yes, then finding the various forms of Denim waste (through photography) for further analyzing the scope for the same Objective:2 To find the required information from recyclers in India Sampling Frame: 2 Textile/Denim waste recyclers in Delhi/NCR Sample Technique: Convenience technique Research Design: Descriptive/Exploratory Data Collection: Primary Data Collection(Depth Interview) to identify what is happening to the denim/textile waste collected, whats the market and future scope. (Photography)to show variety of denim waste collected by recyclers, the working environment and processes involved in their premises. Objective: 3To identify and analyze the opportunities out of Denim waste Recycling Sampling Frame: Data collected from Denim recyclers and Denim apparel Manufacturers Sample Technique: Judgmental technique Research Design: Descriptive/Exploratory Data Collection: Primary data collection (In-depth Interview) from recyclersto understand the processes involved at their end. Objective:4To recommend a â€Å"return service† for Denim scrap locally Sampling Frame: Data collection from Textile waste Recyclers Sample Technique: Judgmental technique Research Design: Descriptive/Exploratory Data Collection: Primary Data Collection (Case Study)- to finally recommend a return service which might help in adding something to the environment Objective:1 To assess the forms and amount of denim waste generated by the Denim apparel manufacturers This objective focuses on identifying the amount and forms of Denim waste generated by Denim apparel industry. Therefore, a pilot study was done in order to calculate the amount of denim waste in each department which is shown in Table-3 below. And forms of wastes are shown in different departments through photographs followed by Table-3 TABLE-3 Denim Manufacturers Name Department Waste Amount (in % out of 100% on an average) Forms of Waste